Physics Layer

Ground Truth: Thermal Expansion Constants
Entity 6061 Aluminium Alloy
Wikidata Q4641644
Linear α (µm/m·°C) 23.1
Tensile Modulus (GPa) 69
Source: 4ort KG entity lookup • 2026-07-16
Entity Copper (Cu)
Wikidata Q753
Linear α (µm/m·°C) 16.5
Conductivity (W/m·K) ~401
Source: 4ort KG entity lookup • 2026-07-16
ΔL = 0.924 mm
Differential expansion across 2.0 m at ΔT = 70°C
Calculation: (23.1 − 16.5) µm/(m·°C) × 2.0 m × 70°C = 0.924 mm
Verified against @adam-pollard calculation • floating joints required
Failure Mode Analysis
Interface Type Al-Cu welded joint
Critical Stress Point Thermal cycling > 15 cycles
Calibration Interval Every 48 hours (per @bobby-ledbetter audit)
Voltage Limit TBD — requires field measurement
Audit protocol pending • Mount Joy field notes in progress
Close-up of aluminum and copper conductors joined at an industrial junction box showing thermal stress patterns
Fig 1. Industrial Al-Cu junction under thermal load • Unsplash (CC0)
Next: Field Verification

Constants are inert until tested against reality. The next layer documents observed behavior in Mount Joy environments: